As the most prominent name associated with the theory of evolution, lots of resources have been created about Darwin himself.
Though less well-known than Darwin, Wallace independently developed his theory of evolution around the same time as Darwin, and the two corresponded and collaborated.
Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist who created the nested hierarchy classification system used by scientists today.
Mary Anning was an early paleontologist and fossil expert.
Gregor Mendel was a monk in today's Czech Republic who is recognized as the father of modern genetics.
Dobzhansky developed the "evolutionary synthesis," the bridge between Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution.
James Watson and Francis Crick were the first scientists to accurately describe the double helix structure of DNA, using Rosalind Franklin's images of DNA. Unfortunately, Franklin died before Watson and Crick (with Maurice Wilkins) were awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery in 1962.
Gould and Eldredge developed the theory of punctuated equilibrium, in which species exhibit little to no change over a long period of time, then have a burst of rapid evolutionary changes in a relatively short period.
Sean B. Carroll is a leader in the field of evolutionary developmental biology, or "evo devo."
In addition to the person-specific resources listed on this page, these databases are great sources for biographical and general information.
A selection of works by some of the seminal figures in the field of evolution:
Systema Naturae by 
Gregor Mendel's Experiments on Plant Hybrids by 
The Works of Charles Darwin by 
Writings on Evolution, 1843-1912 by 
Genetics and the Origin of Species by 
The Double Helix by 
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory by 
Endless Forms Most Beautiful by